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	<title>視障 彙整 - Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</title>
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	<title>視障 彙整 - Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</title>
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		<title>如何給孩子一個光明的世界？眼科醫師教你發現寶貝是否為視力障礙</title>
		<link>https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2133</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[張庭瑋]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Feb 2022 03:00:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[發展遲緩類型]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[認識早療]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[視障]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>視力異常除了會影響孩子的視覺行為外，也可能會造成學習和發展的問題，國泰綜合醫院小兒眼科主治醫師陳映伊表示，「孩..</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2133">如何給孩子一個光明的世界？眼科醫師教你發現寶貝是否為視力障礙</a> 最早出現於 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw">Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</a>。</p>
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<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"><p>視力異常除了會影響孩子的視覺行為外，也可能會造成學習和發展的問題，國泰綜合醫院小兒眼科主治醫師陳映伊表示，「孩童的視線若是模糊的，要認識這個世界將會多一層阻礙」。</p></blockquote>



<div class="wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents"><h2>目錄</h2><ul><li><a href="#h-為什麼會有視力障礙" data-level="2">視力障礙的成因</a></li><li><a href="#h-簡單幾招發現寶貝異常" data-level="2">如何發現孩子視力異常？</a></li><li><a href="#h-醫師如何評估寶貝為視障" data-level="2">評估視障的方式</a></li><li><a href="#h-如果有視力障礙-接下來要做什麼" data-level="2">如果視障該怎麼辦？</a></li></ul></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-為什麼會有視力障礙">為什麼會有視力障礙？ </h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">而讓孩子視力無法順利發展的情況有許多種，根據統計，造成兒童視障的原因：</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list"><li>四成為先天眼疾，包含早產兒視網膜病變、白化症、白內障、或感染導致</li><li>四成為後天眼疾，例如青光眼、遺傳性視網膜病變、黃斑部病變</li><li>一至二成則是外傷造成</li></ol>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">「有些情況是可以及早治療的，因此若發現寶貝在日常生活中視覺表現有異常，爸爸媽媽們一定要趕快帶他們去做檢查，才不會造成遺憾。針對目前無法治療的眼睛疾病，透過合適的視覺輔具及學習輔導，也能讓小朋友被診斷為視障後，盡可能的發揮視覺功能，持續的成長進步」</p>



<div id="advads-2955549546" class="advads- advads-entity-placement"><!-- /22755035310/grow.heho_sticky_MB -->
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</div></div><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-簡單幾招發現寶貝異常">簡單幾招發現寶貝異常</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">陳映伊提到，視覺異常的兒童，無論觀看遠或近的物件時都會感到模糊，也可能會有斜視或視野窄縮等問題，「當然寶貝在不同年紀也會有不同的表徵。」</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>嬰兒時期：</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>缺乏與他人眼神接觸</li><li>較少探索自己的身體部分，如注視自己的雙手</li><li>很少追隨眼前移動的物件或玩具</li><li>遇到強光時不會眨眼</li></ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>幼兒時期：</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>會很近距離的觀察東西</li><li>經常垂下頭不與人接觸</li><li>較少面部表情或身體語言</li><li>在走動時容易碰撞到物體，並會使用雙手來分辨方向</li><li>對強光會有不同反應，有可能特別注視或撇開不看</li></ul>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1200" height="630" src="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/1007-寶寶-幼兒-兒童發展-早療-2.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2052"/></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-醫師如何評估寶貝為視障">醫師如何評估寶貝為視障</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">醫師會依專業方式評估孩童的最佳矯正視力和視野功能，<strong>若視力或視野異常達到以下標準則會被診斷是<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2133" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="14" title="視力障礙" target="_blank" rel="noopener">視障</a>，並依嚴重程度分輕度、中度、或重度的障礙</strong>。陳映伊解釋，這樣的區分也反映出孩子在教育上會有不同程度的需求，例如有輕度障礙者可在輔助下使用一般文字，重度障礙甚至全盲者則會需要學習點字。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-stripes"><table><thead><tr><th class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">種類</th><th class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">視力值</th><th class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">優眼自動視野計中心 30 度程式檢查</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"> 輕度視障  </td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"> 矯正後兩眼視力均不到 0.3 </td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"> 平均缺損大於 10dB </td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"> 中度視障  </td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"> 矯正後兩眼視力均看不到 0.1 </td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"> 平均缺損大於 15 dB </td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"> 重度視障 </td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"> 矯正後兩眼視力均看不到 0.01 </td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"> 平均缺損大於 20 dB </td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption>視力障礙分級</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-如果有視力障礙-接下來要做什麼">如果有視力障礙，接下來要做什麼？</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">孩童的視力若無法治療改善時，會先請家長到戶籍地鄉(鎮、市、區)公所申請身心障礙鑑定，再來醫院做視力鑑定並由醫師協助填妥相關文件，等資料審核都完成後再領取身心障礙證明。陳映伊表示，評定障礙的流程在看診時常常費時費力，但醫師們會盡量幫助爸爸媽媽完成申請手續，讓視障孩童獲得應有的保障和社會福利。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">「在醫院體系中，視覺障礙者可轉介至低視能門診做進一步評估與視覺復健，若視障孩童合併發展問題也會需要兒科醫師共同診療，並依孩子情形由早期療育中心提供的復健治療、居家訓練技巧、以及所需的社會福利及教育資源等，如果爸爸媽媽有什麼不了解的地方，可以來醫院詢問或是參加相關基金會所舉辦的活動，希望相關的資訊都能提供給需要的孩子。」</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">陳映伊最後強調，<strong>視覺發育有關鍵期，所以請爸爸媽媽們多留意，若是發現寶貝生活中有不太一樣的行為表現，不論年紀多小都還是能帶給眼科醫師做初步檢查評估</strong>，「其實不只是眼睛，小孩在成長過程中需要注意的事情很多，因此家長的陪伴和觀察都是非常重要的。」</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="360" src="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/醫生小檔案─陳映伊-1024x360.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2215" srcset="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/醫生小檔案─陳映伊-1024x360.jpg 1024w, https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/醫生小檔案─陳映伊-300x106.jpg 300w, https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/醫生小檔案─陳映伊-768x270.jpg 768w, https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/醫生小檔案─陳映伊.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">文／張庭瑋  圖／海倫</p>



<figure class="wp-block-pullquote"><blockquote><p></p><cite>採訪專家：國泰綜合醫院眼科主治醫師 <a href="https://www.cgh.org.tw/ec99/rwd1320/product_doct.asp?prodid=21995&amp;category_id=37&amp;cty_id=37">陳映伊醫師</a></cite></blockquote></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>延伸閱讀</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716">我的孩子是否有「發展遲緩」？常見遲緩面向又有哪些？5 大重點一次搞懂</a><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2243">新生兒什麼時候應該第一次眼科檢查？照著視力里程碑就沒錯</a><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1591">視力在3~4歲就該發展！眼科醫師教小孩弱視、近視怎麼看</a></p>


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