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	<title>如何發現遲緩 彙整 - Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</title>
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	<title>如何發現遲緩 彙整 - Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</title>
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		<title>2歲兒還不會叫爸媽！小兒科醫師楊晨教你一招檢查發育遲緩</title>
		<link>https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1557</link>
					<comments>https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1557#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[林以璿]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[如何發現遲緩]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[最新文章]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[認識早療]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[幼兒教養]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[楊晨]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[發育]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[贏在起跑點的六堂遺傳課]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://grow.heho.com.tw/?p=1557</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>許多孩子出生後，過了定期檢查時期，家長就容易忽略孩子該有的成長進度。但是孩子從出生到成年，整個生長發育過程其實..</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1557">2歲兒還不會叫爸媽！小兒科醫師楊晨教你一招檢查發育遲緩</a> 最早出現於 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw">Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"><p><span style="color: #785d3c;">許多孩子出生後，過了定期檢查時期，家長就容易忽略孩子該有的成長進度。但是孩子從出生到成年，整個生長發育過程其實不只需要長時間記錄，更需要定期檢視，還得對照遺傳的生長軌道，才有助於發現成長「卡關」的問題，促進優質的成長。</span></p></blockquote>



<p>台北醫學大學附設醫院小兒科醫師楊晨在新書《贏在起跑點的六堂遺傳課》中提到，她看過有不少爸爸、媽媽為了孩子身材矮小、或是體重過重而煩惱，甚至還有小小年紀卻長著超齡的高壯體格，竟然早早就出現性早熟的徵兆。 </p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-生長區間應該是-和自己比"><span style="color: #3a7a3b;"><strong>生長區間應該是「和自己比」</strong></span></h2>



<p> 「不只是家長，還包括醫護人員，很可能只對照生長曲線的區間標準，來判斷受檢孩子的發育狀態，卻往往沒有去比對這個孩子天生的遺傳軌道，所以錯過『看起來正常，實則異常』的生長徵狀，」楊晨指出。</p>



<p>楊晨分享，她檢視每個孩子的身高體重是否符合正常的生長曲線時，必定會先將父母親的身高體重加以分析，先得出這孩子的遺傳身高體重之後，再去比對這孩子各個成長階段是否長得夠高或者胖得失常。</p>



<p>也就是說，雖然生長曲線的區間標準是值得參考的依據，但每個孩子有自己的成長節奏，更重要的是「跟自己做比較」，按照孩子的自身條件，再來看孩子的成長速度是否恰當。 </p>



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</div></div><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-記錄身高體重-同步留意心智發展"><span style="color: #3a7a3b;"><strong>記錄身高體重 </strong><strong>同步留意心智發展</strong></span></h2>



<p>除了孩子身材體格的發育之外，楊晨提醒應留意的是每個年齡都有該發展到位的心智能力，她以自己的大兒子為例子，他2歲時才開口叫爸爸媽媽，就連楊晨的先生也有點心慌，忍不住問：「孩子是不是出問題了？」</p>



<p>為了讓另一半放心，楊晨把孩子帶到面前，先是叫喚他的名字，看他是不是能專注聽大人說話；接著再問他，「頭髮在哪？眼睛在哪？」他都能正確指出來。當楊晨再問他:「你的牙齒呢？」孩子立刻咧嘴露出小小的白牙。</p>



<p>楊晨也建議擔心自家孩子的爸媽可以這樣測試孩子：藉由簡單的情境與發問來測試孩子的認知發展，要點是用正常說話的語調和孩子說話，觀察他能不能正確解讀你給他的訊息，並利用當時符合其能力的方法與人溝通。</p>



<p>「在門診推廣衛教知識的時候，我都教導爸爸、媽媽，對孩子的成長評估，要對照一個時程的區間，而不要完全被『比較值』給綁架了，」楊晨提醒。 </p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-想要身心健康-你家孩子睡夠了嗎"><strong><span style="color: #3a7a3b;">想要身心健康 你家孩子睡夠了嗎？</span></strong></h2>



<p>不只飲食，睡眠和運動對孩童的成發育也很重要。楊晨分享自己家的時鐘總是撥快半小時，從孩子小時候開始，每天都要求他們9點前要上床睡覺。「學齡期的孩子每日睡眠時間至少要達9小時以上，青春期時也要睡足8到10個小時才夠，」楊晨認為，培養孩子的競爭力，要從日常生活作息與飲食做起，身心健康，才談得上好好學習。</p>



<p>文／林以璿 圖／許嘉真</p>



<p><strong>延伸閱讀</strong><br><span style="color: #1157ed;"><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1713">0~6歲是兒童發展「關鍵期」！一次認識兒童發展、自我檢核表</a></span><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2183">認識兒童發展遲緩：早療其實不可怕！爸媽投入越多孩子成長越好</a><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1559">嬰幼兒 7 歲以下有 7 次免費兒童健檢！幾大指標找出孩子健康指數</a></p>
<div id="advads-494594007" class="advads- advads-entity-placement"><div id="_popIn_recommend"></div></div><p>這篇文章 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1557">2歲兒還不會叫爸媽！小兒科醫師楊晨教你一招檢查發育遲緩</a> 最早出現於 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw">Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</a>。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
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		<title>我的孩子是否有「發展遲緩」？常見遲緩面向又有哪些？5 大重點一次搞懂</title>
		<link>https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716</link>
					<comments>https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[李怡麥]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Jan 2022 10:00:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[如何發現遲緩]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[最新文章]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[認識早療]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://grow.heho.com.tw/?p=1716</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>「我的孩子 1 歲了，為什麼還是坐也坐不穩？」「別人家的小朋友都開始學寫字了，怎麼我們家的還只會用整隻手抓著鉛..</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716">我的孩子是否有「發展遲緩」？常見遲緩面向又有哪些？5 大重點一次搞懂</a> 最早出現於 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw">Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"><p>「我的孩子 1 歲了，為什麼還是坐也坐不穩？」「別人家的小朋友都開始學寫字了，怎麼我們家的還只會用整隻手抓著鉛筆，拿也拿不好？」各位爸媽們是否也曾有類似的困擾，甚至因為擔心孩子跟不上，又苦無他法，只好手把手地帶著孩子「硬學」？最後的結果，往往是辛苦了爸媽，也累壞孩子。</p></blockquote>



<p>事實上，孩子的動作與認知等發展，都有它的優先順序，這些都能在發展里程碑裡略見一二。如果還沒學會基礎的站穩腳步，就想讓孩子跑跑跳跳地跟別人玩耍，揠苗助長，反而什麼也學不好，甚至壞了親子關係。因此，如果能先建立正確的嬰幼兒發展觀念，針對孩子較弱的技巧對症下藥，把握<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1720" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="4" title="早療" target="_blank" rel="noopener">早療</a> 3 歲前的黃金期，多數人都能在 6 歲以前順利達到發展的目標。</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-首先-我們來認識-發展遲緩-從簡單的病理特徵與數據說起">首先，我們來認識「發展遲緩」——從簡單的病理特徵與數據說起</h2>



<p>我們常聽到的「<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/early-intervention" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="2" title="發展遲緩" target="_blank" rel="noopener">發展遲緩</a>」（developmental retardation），<strong>泛指嬰幼兒或兒童在知覺、運動、認知、語言或社交等方面，出現異常緩慢成熟的狀況</strong>。通常這種狀況在發育期，甚至是胎兒出生前就已開始。</p>



<p>根據衛生福利部聯合國兒童權利公約統計，在 2019 年，臺灣接受發展遲緩兒童早期療育服務的個案通報數為 26,471 人。其中，男性佔 69.50％，女性則為 30.50%，性別比例懸殊。另外，以個案年齡分析發現，「2 歲～未滿 3 歲」的人數最多，其次為「4 歲～未滿 5 歲」，最少為「3 歲～未滿4歲」。</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1200" height="630" src="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/1007-寶寶-幼兒-兒童發展-早療-16.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2066"/></figure></div>



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</div></div><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-為什麼孩子的發展-比別人慢-淺談發展遲緩的風險因子">為什麼孩子的發展「比別人慢」？淺談發展遲緩的風險因子</h2>



<p>造成孩子發展遲緩的源頭普遍不明，但仍有幾項風險因子可以借鏡。首先是遺傳因素，如<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1715" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="15" title="唐氏症" target="_blank" rel="noopener">唐氏症</a>（Down Syndrome）和染色體易脆症（Fragile X syndrome）。另外，孕母或孩子生長的環境，包含孕母的健康狀況，也會影響孩子的發展狀況。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-發展遲緩常見的風險因子"> 發展遲緩常見的風險因子 </h3>



<ol class="wp-block-list"><li>孩子在子宮內曾間接性地接觸毒素，如汞、鉛或其他藥物，或孕母或孩童居住的環境，有上述有害物質。</li><li>孕母在懷孕期間營養失衡，或得到會垂直感染的疾病，如麻疹、HIV。</li><li>父母在懷孕期間有抽菸喝酒的習慣。</li><li>分娩時的併發症。</li><li>早產。</li><li>幼兒所處家庭嚴重貧困。</li><li>孩子有營養不良的狀況。</li><li>父母長期忽視孩子的成長需求。</li><li>其它遺傳因素與嬰兒早年所受損傷，如：先天代謝疾病、染色體異常、腦缺氧或缺血、中樞神經感染、腦外傷、生理或精神受虐等。</li><li>社會文化與心理影響。</li></ol>



<p>當孩子不只出現一個面向的遲緩，則稱為「整體發展遲緩」（global developmental delay, GDD）。整體發展遲緩的孩子，除了在缺乏動作的技巧，在認知、語言和社交等方面，也大幅落後其他同齡孩童。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-整體發展遲緩常見的風險因子">整體發展遲緩常見的風險因子 </h3>



<ol class="wp-block-list"><li>早產</li><li>腦部畸形</li><li>染色體疾病</li><li>疾病感染</li><li>代謝紊亂</li><li>甲狀腺功能異常</li><li>腦部積水</li><li>雷特氏症（Rett Syndrome） </li></ol>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" src="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/1631852604.8282.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-149451" width="840" height="441"/></figure></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-接著用-發展里程碑-初步判斷孩子是否有發展問題">接著用「發展里程碑」，初步判斷孩子是否有發展問題</h2>



<p>怎麼樣才能知道孩子在發展上「慢別人半拍」呢？孩子在特定年齡時，理論上都該發展出某些基本的學習能力。我們常聽到的俗諺「一視二聽三抬頭，四握五抓六翻身，七坐八爬九發牙，十捏周歲獨站穩」就是一種<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/development-milestone" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="1" title="兒童發展" target="_blank" rel="noopener">發展里程碑</a>。其中的數字，指的就是孩子出生後的月數。</p>



<p>接著，無論是邁出人生的第一步、第一次微笑、揮手表示「再見」，這些基礎的日常動作，也都可以在發展里程碑裡看到。有人可能會問，難道孩子的能力就不能「遲到一下」，非得按表操課，才算合格嗎？</p>



<p>事實上，每個孩子有他自己發展的節奏，很難用一套標準，判斷孩子什麼時候才能學會某種特定的技能。在這裡，<strong>發展里程碑提供的只是一個普遍的想法，孩子隨著年齡的增長，或多或少都該出現這些可預期的變化</strong>。畢竟，日常生活中的許多活動，如走路上學、抄筆記、跟同學玩樂等，都建立在這些里程碑的基礎之上。</p>



<p>衛生福利部國民健康署的《<a href="https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=1141&amp;pid=6588">兒童健康手冊</a>》中，就有提供詳細的「兒童發展連續圖」，根據「粗動作、細動作、語言及認知、身邊處理及社會性」四大面向，揭示0~6歲孩童的發展里程碑。</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"><p><strong>看更多</strong>：<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/development-milestone">10 篇兒童發展圖解！帶爸媽從 2 個月一路看孩子成長到 6 歲</a></p></blockquote>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-發展遲緩常見的-5-大面向-究竟有哪些">發展遲緩常見的 5 大面向，究竟有哪些？</h2>



<p>前面提到，通常我們會從以下幾個面向，全面觀察、探討孩子的發展狀態：</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>1. 粗大動作（gross motor）</strong></h3>



<p><strong>定　　義</strong>：涉及手臂、腿部和軀幹等大肌肉的動作，掌控力量與穩定度</p>



<p><strong>常見動作</strong>：走路、跑步、丟球、舉重物等都屬於這個範疇</p>



<p><strong>具體影響</strong>：粗大動作同時也是精細運動的基礎，會影響我們對身體的覺知、對刺激的反應速度，以及平衡和力量的展現。</p>



<p><strong>粗大動作不協調時，孩子可能會有以下特徵：</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>肢體不協調</li><li>容易覺得累</li><li>無法在教室好好坐著上課</li><li>吃飯時食物掉滿地</li><li>對校園環境的多變感到不適應，如斜坡和樓梯。</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">2. <strong>精細動作（fine motor）</strong></h3>



<p><strong>定　　義</strong>：通常和手部有關，包含伸手觸碰、抓握和操縱物體等技巧</p>



<p><strong>常見動作</strong>：握筆、剪紙、描圖、串珠、組模型等</p>



<p><strong>其他影響</strong>：由於精細動作所涉及的活動，許多都和「手眼協調」這種由視知覺和手部動作搭配的技巧有關，因此有時也需搭配視覺或視知覺能力的輔助，才能完成。</p>



<p><strong>精細動作不協調的孩子，常會出現以下特徵：</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>握筆寫字或畫圖時有困難</li><li>較難掌握剪刀的使用</li><li>堆2～3個積木時，無法讓積木維持平衡</li><li>按按鈕常常要瞄準很久</li><li>打開水壺時感到無力，或無法扭轉瓶蓋</li></ul>



<p>如果精細動作效率不佳，就會大幅影響孩子完成任務的品質（如：勞作）以及執行速度（如：寫作業）。</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="1200" height="630" src="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/1007-寶寶-幼兒-兒童發展-早療-10.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2060"/></figure></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-3-認知-cognition"><strong>3. 認知（cognition）</strong></h3>



<p><strong>定　　義</strong>：通常包含注意力、記憶力，以及高階的執行功能和計劃能力。</p>



<p><strong>影　　響</strong>：這些認知方面的遲緩，多半會影響孩子的課堂學習，嚴重者恐致學習困難，也難以與他人溝通和玩耍。</p>



<p><strong>認知不佳的孩子，常會出現以下特徵：</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>無法在課堂上專注聽講</li><li>難以辨認基礎的顏色，如紅、黃、藍、綠</li><li>對數量或數字的概念有障礙</li><li>無法辨別幾樣基礎形狀，如圓形、正方形、三角形等</li><li>無法記得老師的指令或課堂聽講內容</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-4-語言-speech-language">4. 語言（speech / language）</h3>



<p><strong>定　　義</strong>：在這方面，許多家長多半關注孩子在用字、構句上的正確性。事實上，所謂語言能力，除了把話說對，在對的時機點給予適當的回應（如：我有聽到了）、懂得提出要求（如：想要吃麥Ｏ勞），或是在口語表達上有正確的高低起伏，也都是語言能力的一環，也同樣會影響孩子在校園裡與老師和同學的互動情形。</p>



<p><strong>語言或表達能力不佳的孩子，常會出現以下特徵：</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>無法學習正確發音。可能與認知有關，也可能是口腔肌肉問題</li><li>常常誤解老師或同學的語意</li><li>在與人互動時無法給予簡單回應，如：是、好、不要等</li><li>不懂得如何提出要求</li><li>說出來的句子結構不完整</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-5-情緒-emotion-和社交-social-skill">5. 情緒（emotion）和社交（social skill）</h3>



<p><strong>定　　義</strong>：情緒和社交通常在嬰兒時期就已開始發展，這方面有遲緩的孩童，通常對社會情境的感知與互動都不如預期。</p>



<p><strong>情緒或社交能力不佳的孩子，常出現以下狀況：</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>不懂如何對人微笑示好</li><li>常常不與他人一起玩遊戲</li><li>表達自我的時候有困難，也無法展現自尊和情感上的需要</li></ul>



<p>如果沒有辦法發展出與同齡孩童相仿的情緒與人際社交能力，就會在團體互動時遇到困難，也會衍生出個別的心理問題。</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="630" src="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/1007-寶寶-幼兒-兒童發展-早療-8.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2058"/></figure></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-孩子出現疑似發展遲緩的問題-該怎麼辦-就醫資訊一把抓">孩子出現疑似發展遲緩的問題，該怎麼辦？就醫資訊一把抓</h2>



<p>如果你發現，孩子平時走路的步伐怪怪的、在學校上課總是不專心、常常喊累或作業寫不完，而且嘗試過各種教育與調整方式，都無法起到作用，並且發現他們無法跟上發展里程碑，建議您帶著孩子到全臺 22 縣市的「<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/hospital">兒童發展聯合評估中心</a>」進行評估。如確定為發展遲緩，就能及早得到診斷與介入。</p>



<p>若住家離醫療院所較遠，也可考慮由政府委託民間辦理的<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/course">早期療育機構</a>，讓遲緩兒在特定時段接受療育，甚至提供照顧服務。部分<a href="https://system.sfaa.gov.tw/cecm/resourceView/detail2?qtype1=2&amp;qtype2=3">社區療育據點</a>除了提供上述服務，也有親職技巧分享、家長團體與親職活動、兒童發展宣導及預防等服務，資源可得性也很好。（更多服務內容，請參照<a href="https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-88-238-1-48.html">衛生福利部網站</a>）</p>



<p>文 / 李怡麥、圖／海倫  </p>



<figure class="wp-block-pullquote"><blockquote><p></p><cite>1. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">developmental retardation. </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/developmental-retardation">APA Dictionary of Psychology</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.</span><br><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">2. 〈發展遲緩兒童早期療育服務個案通報概況〉，</span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://crc.sfaa.gov.tw/Statistics/Detail/125?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1">衛生福利部聯合國兒童權利公約統計</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">，2020年。</span><br>3. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">Facts About Developmental Delay. </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://www.siskin.org/196.444/developmental-delays">Siskin Children&#8217;s Institute</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.</span><br>4. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">Facts About Developmental Disabilities. </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/developmentaldisabilities/facts.html">CDC</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.</span><br>5. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">〈認識早療〉，</span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://system.sfaa.gov.tw/cecm/about/index">衛生福利部社會及家庭署</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">。</span><br>6. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">Child Development Basics. </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/facts.html">CDC</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.兒童發展連續圖，</span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=1141&amp;pid=6588">衛生福利部國民健康署</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">。</span><br>7. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">Gross motor skills: Birth to 5 years. </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://www.chrichmond.org/therapy-services/occupational-therapy/developmental-milestones/gross-motor-skills-birth-to-5-years">Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.</span><br>8. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">Gross Motor Skills. </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://childdevelopment.com.au/areas-of-concern/gross-motor-skills/">Kid Sense</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.</span><br>9. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">Fine motor skill development: Birth to 2 years. </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://www.chrichmond.org/therapy-services/occupational-therapy/developmental-milestones/fine-motor-skills-birth-to-2-years">Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.</span><br>10. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">Fine Motor Skills. </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://childdevelopment.com.au/areas-of-concern/fine-motor-skills/">Kid Sense</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.</span><br>11. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">Hannah M. Lindsey. (2015) Effects of Neuroplasticity-based Cognitive Rehabilitation Training on Neuropsychological Functioning and White Matter Tract Integrity in Traumatic Brain Injury. </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-hierarchy-of-cognition-Foundational-information-processing-skills-such-as_fig1_277006377">ResearchGate</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.</span><br>12. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">Language development: Speech milestones for babies. </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/language-development/art-20045163">Mayo Clinic</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.</span><br>13. <span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">What are Social and Emotional Developmental Delays? </span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://thewarrencenter.org/help-information/social-emotional/what-are-social-and-emotional-developmental-delays/">The Warren Center</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">.</span><br>14.<span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">〈發展遲緩兒童早期療育〉，</span><a style="font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;" href="https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-88-238-1-48.html">衛生福利部</a><span style="color: inherit; font-size: 0.8125em; background-color: initial;">。</span></cite></blockquote></figure>



<p><strong>延伸閱讀</strong></p>



<p><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1559">嬰幼兒 7 歲以下有 7 次免費兒童健檢！幾大指標找出孩子健康指數</a><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2183">0~6歲是兒童發展「關鍵期」！一次認識兒童發展、自我檢核表</a><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1713"></a><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2183">認識兒童發展遲緩：早療其實不可怕！爸媽投入越多孩子成長越好</a></p>


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<div id="advads-922899020" class="advads- advads-entity-placement"><div id="_popIn_recommend"></div></div><p>這篇文章 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716">我的孩子是否有「發展遲緩」？常見遲緩面向又有哪些？5 大重點一次搞懂</a> 最早出現於 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw">Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</a>。</p>
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		<title>0~6歲是兒童發展「關鍵期」！一次認識兒童發展、自我檢核表</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[盧映慈]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[如何發現遲緩]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>爸爸媽媽一定都聽過，「0~6歲是兒童發展的『關鍵期』」，但什麼叫做「兒童發展」，什麼又是「關鍵期」呢？ 所謂的..</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1713">0~6歲是兒童發展「關鍵期」！一次認識兒童發展、自我檢核表</a> 最早出現於 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw">Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"><p>爸爸媽媽一定都聽過，「0~6歲是兒童發展的『關鍵期』」，但什麼叫做「<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/development-milestone" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="1" title="兒童發展" target="_blank" rel="noopener">兒童發展</a>」，什麼又是「關鍵期」呢？</p></blockquote>



<p>所謂的兒童發展，是指孩子在成長時，不只身高體重會增加，「器官功能、心智能力」也會越變越成熟的過程；這個過程有一定的順序，也因此可以對照<strong>「兒童發展里程碑」來了解自己孩子的成長是否有按照自己的軌跡</strong>。雖然每個孩子都有自己的發展速率，有些人快、有些人慢，但在學齡前的「關鍵期」是代表孩子還能塑型的階段。是否能在成長過程中順利獲得未來所需的能力，就是要把握這段關鍵期。</p>



<div class="wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents"><h2>目錄</h2><ul><li><a href="#h-認識兒童發展里程碑的-6-大面向" data-level="2">認識兒童發展里程碑</a></li><li><a href="#h-發展檢核表跟兒童發展里程碑有什麼差別" data-level="2">發展檢核 VS. 兒童發展里程碑</a></li><li><a href="#h-兒童發展里程的重要性是什麼" data-level="2">兒童發展里程的重要性</a></li><li><a href="#h-兒童發展里程跟不上代表什麼問題" data-level="2">發展跟不上代表什麼問題？</a></li></ul></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-認識兒童發展里程碑的-6-大面向">認識兒童發展里程碑的 6 大面向</h2>



<p>關鍵期中可以學習的能力包含哪些呢？像是視力、聽力、智力、肌肉等，都需要透過各種外界的刺激來幫助成長，而對照「兒童發展里程碑」，可以快速的了解孩子每個階段應該能達成的發展；如果有延遲或是出現特殊狀況，就能及早配合孩子的需要來進行「<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1720" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="4" title="早療" target="_blank" rel="noopener">早期療育</a>（早療）」。</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="7" title="粗大動作" target="_blank" rel="noopener">粗大動作</a></strong>：身體大肌肉的動作，像是手臂、大小腿以及軀幹，包含走、跑、跳、搬東西等需要用到大肌肉的動作都算。</li><li><strong><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="8" title="精細動作" target="_blank" rel="noopener">精細動作</a></strong>：通常是指手部的小肌肉動作，像是抓握、使用物品，例如剪裁、畫圖、寫字等，除了小肌肉的使用之外，也要配合身體、手眼的協調能力。</li><li><strong>認知</strong>：專注力、分析力、記憶力、企劃能力。</li><li><strong>語言</strong>：構音能力、正確用字的能力、表達自身意思的能力、理解溝通語境的能力。</li><li><strong>社交</strong>：能與他人相處、團隊合作的能力。</li><li><strong>情緒</strong>：對人事物有反應、投射情感、表達情緒的能力。</li></ul>



<p>（<strong>推薦閱讀</strong>：<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/development-milestone">10 篇兒童發展圖解！帶爸媽從2個月一路看孩子成長到 6 歲</a>）</p>



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</div></div><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-發展檢核表跟兒童發展里程碑有什麼差別"><strong>發展檢核表跟兒童發展里程碑有什麼差別？</strong></h2>



<p><strong>兒童發展里程碑是代表不同年齡階段孩子應該要發展出的能力</strong>，比較像是每個階段的能力介紹，每個孩子的發展快慢本來就不同；而<strong>「兒童發展檢核表」則是簡易的檢測工具</strong>，讓主要照顧者或兒童相關人員可在短時間內判別兒童是否出現某些異常的特徵，更能檢測出孩子的發育是否有符合軌道。</p>



<a href="https://cdrc.taichung.gov.tw/DevelopmentSceeningC002500.aspx?appname=DevelopmentSceeningC002500" target="blank" style="color:#fff;font-weight:500;" rel="noopener"><div style="background-color:#59ADAB;border-radius:24px;color:#fff;text-align:center;padding:9px 0 12px 0;line-height:25px;">家長可以幫孩子做篩檢嗎？<br> ➜ 線上發展檢核表 <img decoding="async" src="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/筆.svg" style="width:9px;"></div></a>



<div style="height:24px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" src="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/1631852607.7943.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-149455"/></figure></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-兒童發展里程的重要性是什麼"><strong>兒童發展里程的重要性是什麼？</strong></h2>



<p>簡單來說，就是「讓孩子全面發展自己的潛能」。孩子的健康並不是只有在外觀上要健壯高大、或是白白胖胖，而是要能有健全的身體質素發展、心理人格發展，達到身心健康，好好養成人格的狀態。</p>



<p>而透過對照兒童發展歷程，可以讓爸媽了解，孩子每個階段應該要達成的目標，以及想要達成這些目標，應該讓孩子做什麼樣的活動。除了避免限制孩子的發展之外，也能從中觀察到孩子的個性、氣質與潛力，讓孩子未來有更清楚的學習目標。</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-兒童發展里程跟不上代表什麼問題"><strong>兒童發展里程跟不上代表什麼問題？</strong></h2>



<p>如果發現孩子跟不上發展進度，建議可以先帶孩子到<strong>小兒科神經科、小兒復健科諮詢專科醫師</strong>；另外，也可以檢視孩子在一個階段內，是否能完成正常發展兒童的&nbsp;90%，如果達不到，代表可能真的有發展遲緩的問題，建議<strong>及早開始早療</strong>，讓孩子盡快跟上發展。</p>



<div class="schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block"><div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1632296185546"><strong class="schema-faq-question">1. 什麼是兒童發展里程碑？</strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">不同年齡階段的孩子應該要發展出的能力，包含粗大／精細動作、認知、語言、社交、情緒等六大面向。</p> </div> <div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1632291609706"><strong class="schema-faq-question">2. 兒童生長跟兒童發展的差別是什麼？</strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">兒童在長大成人的過程中，身高、體重、器官的體積均會增長，稱之為「生長」；器官功能及智能的變化、成熟，則稱為「發展」。</p> </div> <div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1632300784568"><strong class="schema-faq-question">3. 發展遲緩是什麼？</strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">0~6歲的兒童，因各種原因導致在認知發展、動作發展、語言及溝通發展、社會情緒表達發展、生活自理發展等5 項發展領域中，一定時間內未達正常發展兒童的 90%，有發展進度落後或異常情形。</p> </div> </div>



<p>文／盧映慈、 圖／海倫 </p>



<figure class="wp-block-pullquote"><blockquote><p></p><cite><a href="http://www.fcdd.org.tw/">發展遲緩兒童基金會</a><br><a href="https://cdrc.taichung.gov.tw/ChildrenHealthCheck">台中市幼兒發展檢核手冊</a></cite></blockquote></figure>



<p><strong>延伸閱讀</strong></p>



<p><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1559">嬰幼兒 7 歲以下有 7 次免費兒童健檢！幾大指標找出孩子健康指數</a><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2183">認識兒童發展遲緩：早療其實不可怕！爸媽投入越多孩子成長越好</a><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716">我的孩子是否有「發展遲緩」？常見遲緩面向又有哪些？5 大重點一次搞懂</a></p>


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<div id="advads-2018130795" class="advads- advads-entity-placement"><div id="_popIn_recommend"></div></div><p>這篇文章 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1713">0~6歲是兒童發展「關鍵期」！一次認識兒童發展、自我檢核表</a> 最早出現於 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw">Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</a>。</p>
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		<title>新生兒什麼時候應該第一次眼科檢查？照著視力里程碑就沒錯</title>
		<link>https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2243</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[盧映慈]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 02 Jan 2022 23:00:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[如何發現遲緩]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[認識早療]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>當剛出生抱回家的孩子好像看不太清楚，許多爸媽一定都會很緊張，不曉得這樣是不是視力不好，也不知道到底要不要去看醫..</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2243">新生兒什麼時候應該第一次眼科檢查？照著視力里程碑就沒錯</a> 最早出現於 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw">Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"><p><span style="color: #785d3c;">當剛出生抱回家的孩子好像看不太清楚，許多爸媽一定都會很緊張，不曉得這樣是不是視力不好，也不知道到底要不要去看醫生，事實上寶寶在出生時就應該先做一次眼睛的初步檢查，並按照視力的<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/development-milestone" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="1" title="兒童發展" target="_blank" rel="noopener">發展里程碑</a>，好好的刺激視力。</span></p></blockquote>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-"><span style="color: #3a7a3b;"><strong>新生兒的視力發展</strong></span></h2>



<p>在剛出生的時候，眼科醫師會先評估寶寶眼睛的外觀，看看是不是有眼球位置不正、眼球凹陷等先天性的症狀；但是包含視力、辨色力等眼睛的感覺，還有眼球的運動，需要等到 3 個月之後才能慢慢開出發展，所以眼科醫師都會建議在 3 歲時做第一次全面的眼睛檢查，除非孩子沒有辦法追上視力發展的里程碑，才需要看醫生。 事實上，視力的發展並不是一生下來就完整，是靠外界的刺激，才會慢慢發展到正常視力的標準，所以在孩子成長的過程中，要不斷給孩子視覺上的刺激，同時也要觀察孩子有沒有符合發展里程碑，如果有落後、或是非正常視力的症狀出現，就要趕快就醫。 </p>



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</div></div><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h--1"><span style="color: #3a7a3b;"><strong>孩子的視力發展里程碑</strong></span></h2>



<p><span style="color: #1157ed;"><strong>剛出生~3 個月：</strong></span>只能看得到黑白兩色，還有眼前 10 公分距離的事物，輕輕觸摸眼睛會有眨眼的反射反應，而瞳孔開始有光亮時縮小、黑暗時變大的反應。</p>



<p><span style="color: #1157ed;"><strong>3 個月：</strong></span>視線開始會對焦，能看到眼前30公分左右的物體，因為眼球運動已經發展，所以眼球可以追著移動的物體跑，會盯著人的臉、隨之移動。</p>



<p><span style="color: #1157ed;"><strong>4 個月：</strong></span>辨識顏色的椎體細胞成熟，可以分辨紅、藍、黃等三原色的不同，眼球運動更多，除了上下左右的垂直移動、水平移動之外，也可以開始做環狀的運動，但對於晃動的物體還是沒辦法對焦。</p>



<p><span style="color: #1157ed;"><strong>5 個月：</strong></span>會判斷距離，伸手碰觸眼睛看到的東西，當物體忽遠忽近的時候也可以順利對焦判讀。</p>



<p><span style="color: #1157ed;"><strong>6~8 個月：</strong></span>視力大約可以到達 0.2 左右，開始可以分辨立體的物體，距離感也越來越好，會用眼睛探索周圍的世界，並對周遭事物產生反應。</p>



<p><span style=""><strong style="color: rgb(17, 87, 237);">8 個月~2 歲：</strong></span>視力可以達到 0.4 左右，開始會練習爬行、走路，應該可以準確避開各種障礙物，如果容易被擋住、絆倒，就要小心，因為藍光也有可能損害視力的發展，所以建議 2 歲前絕對不能看 3C 產品。</p>



<p><span style="color: #1157ed;"><strong>2~3 歲：</strong></span>視力可以從 0.6~1 左右，除了看東西之外，也要多練習不同的刺激，比如玩積木、玩黏土、跟別人互動，增加神經的發展度。 </p>



<p>在上述的發展里程碑中，如果孩子的發展稍微比較慢一點，比如眼球轉動的幅度沒有這麼大，可以試著調慢速度、縮小範圍，如果還是有反應，表示可能只是慢了一些，再觀察一個月看看。但如果是完全沒有反應、沒有動作，或是常常跌倒，就要帶去看醫生檢測視力。 </p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h--2"><span style="color: #3a7a3b;">可以怎麼刺激孩子的視力發展？</span></h2>



<p> 因為視覺的發展不是只有視覺接收的感覺而已，還有上述提到的視力（遠近）、視野（左右寬度）、辨色力、立體感、眼球運動、追隨運動等，這些都需要視覺本身的刺激，跟大腦神經的刺激才有辦法發展完全。 </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span style="color: #1157ed;"><strong>當寶寶還不會坐的時候</strong></span></h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>可以不定時將嬰兒床頭尾顛倒，訓練孩子對不同方向的光源反應。</li><li>在嬰兒床上懸掛一些玩具，刺激他的視覺，但當孩子還不會坐的時候，不要是會自己動、有太多聲音的玩具，太複雜的資訊是寶寶沒辦法處理的。</li><li>在安全範圍內、注視著寶寶，讓他趴著，並在旁邊呼喚他，訓練抬頭、轉頭的視線移動。</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span style="color: #1157ed;"><strong>寶寶開始會坐、會爬的時候</strong></span></h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>可以讓孩子注視鏡子裡的自己。</li><li>跟他玩滾球遊戲，讓他用眼神追球、並接球。</li><li>拿一些色彩鮮豔、形狀簡單的物體給他，讓他藉由觸摸，將視覺判斷跟大腦產生連結。</li><li>在他眼前拿出一個東西，藏到背後，讓他啟發尋找、觸摸的慾望。</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span style="color: #1157ed;"><strong>當孩子已經會站、會走</strong></span></h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>跟他玩捉迷藏，測試孩子的視力跟注意力。</li><li>帶他到大自然中接觸不同的色彩跟事物，讓他用手觸碰，獲得更多的刺激。</li><li>跟他一起塗鴉、看圖畫書。</li><li>教他辨認不同的幾何形狀跟顏色。</li></ul>



<p>不過還是有些例外，因為自體免疫疾病合併的眼睛發炎，多半在3歲前就會發病，並影響視力，所以林口長庚眼科部主任醫師吳為吉說，「小孩子絕對不能當成大人來醫治，大部份的大人眼睛發炎會出現紅、腫，但小孩子幾乎沒有症狀，又不會描述狀況，等到走路常撞到東西才來就醫，都已經快要失明了。」</p>



<p>所以吳為吉建議，出生時先做一次眼球檢查，0～3歲的時候，如果有自體免疫疾病的家族史，每3個月追蹤一次，其餘的人這3年內，可以請眼科醫師評估一次有沒有視力上的問題，3歲以後再做詳細的光學檢查，像是眼位有沒有正、遠視、近視、散光等檢查，比較安全。 </p>



<p>文／盧映慈</p>



<p><strong>延伸閱讀</strong></p>



<p><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2133">如何給孩子一個光明的世界？眼科醫師教你發現寶貝是否為視力障礙</a><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1591">視力在 3~4 歲就該發展！眼科醫師教小孩弱視、近視怎麼看</a><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1720">早療越早，效果越好！教你看懂孩子需要早期療育的時機</a></p>
<div id="advads-1810362723" class="advads- advads-entity-placement"><div id="_popIn_recommend"></div></div><p>這篇文章 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2243">新生兒什麼時候應該第一次眼科檢查？照著視力里程碑就沒錯</a> 最早出現於 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw">Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</a>。</p>
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		<title>嬰幼兒 7 歲以下有 7 次免費兒童健檢！幾大指標找出孩子健康指數</title>
		<link>https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1559</link>
					<comments>https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1559#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[盧映慈]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[如何發現遲緩]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[最新文章]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[認識早療]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[兒童健康手冊]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[兒童健檢]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://grow.heho.com.tw/?p=1559</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>每一個孩子都是父母的心肝寶貝，而孩子的身心是不是健健康康，除了看有沒有吃飽穿暖之外，還有包含觀察他們的視力、聽..</p>
<p>這篇文章 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1559">嬰幼兒 7 歲以下有 7 次免費兒童健檢！幾大指標找出孩子健康指數</a> 最早出現於 <a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw">Heho親子0-6歲兒童發展指南</a>。</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"><p>每一個孩子都是父母的心肝寶貝，而孩子的身心是不是健健康康，除了看有沒有吃飽穿暖之外，還有包含觀察他們的視力、聽力、肌肉、語言能力等發展。這些發展除了可以透過對照「<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/development-milestone" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="1" title="兒童發展" target="_blank" rel="noopener">發展里程碑</a>」來觀察之外，也可以利用學齡前 7 次免費的健康檢查，讓小兒科醫師好好的評估孩子的身心健康狀況。</p></blockquote>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-7-歲以下的-7-次免費兒童預防保健服務"><b>7 歲以下的 7 次免費兒童預防保健服務</b></h2>



<p>孩子有許多能力是在出生後才開始發展，包含需要大量練習與刺激的視力、聽力，除此之外，語言、社交能力也需要透過與別人的相處才能學會使用方式，更不用說肌肉力量更需要透過日常生活中大量的運用才能訓練到。雖然每個孩子都有自己的發展時間表，有些人快、有些人慢，但基本上都會在一定的時間內學習完成，如果孩子的發展有些落後，爸媽們最好還是能及早給專業的小兒科醫師做檢查，找出原因所在。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-如何做檢查-要找誰檢查">如何做檢查？要找誰檢查？</h3>



<p>不過即使發現孩子的狀況，很多爸媽可能不知道該怎麼辦、要看哪一科？其實國民健康署有提供的 7 次免費的兒童預防保健服務，只要上健保署網站查詢特約醫事機構，選擇「兒童預防保健服務」，就可以查詢附近有提供相關服務的醫療院所，再來只要像平常一樣上醫院網站、選擇「兒科」來掛號就可以了。</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" src="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/1632731320.5617.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-190907"/></figure></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-檢查項目有哪些">檢查項目有哪些？</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><span style="font-weight: 400;">生長評估（身高、體重、頭圍）</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: 400;">身體檢查（聽力、視力、口腔檢查、營養狀況評估等）</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1713" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="3" title="發展評估" target="_blank" rel="noopener">發展評估</a>（<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="7" title="粗大動作" target="_blank" rel="noopener">粗大動作</a>、<a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c="8" title="精細動作" target="_blank" rel="noopener">精細動作</a>、語言、社交、情緒、認知功能，包含自閉症篩檢等）</span></li><li>嬰幼兒照顧衛教資訊</li></ul>



<p>除了身體檢查之外，也包含許多發展、心理層面的檢查，這可以讓爸媽及早知道孩子的狀況，如果有必要早療介入的話，也能在 3 歲前的療育黃金期就開始。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-檢查時要攜帶什麼">檢查時要攜帶什麼？</h3>



<p>這項檢查必須要攜<strong>帶《兒童健康手冊》、健保卡，並負擔門診掛號費</strong>。而在去檢查之前，建議先填寫手冊中的「家長紀錄事項」，醫師能更快的了解孩子平常的狀況，更迅速的做出判斷。</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" src="https://grow.heho.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/1632732289.9309.png" alt="" class="wp-image-190910"/></figure></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-什麼時候可以開始檢查">什麼時候可以開始檢查？</h3>



<p>由於我們都希望可以越早發現問題越好，所以出生後其實就能開始檢查：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><span style="font-weight: 400;">未滿 1 歲 6 個月：補助 4 次</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: 400;">1 歲 6 個月～未滿 2 歲：補助 1 次</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: 400;">2 歲～未滿 3 歲：補助 1 次</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: 400;">3 歲～未滿 7 歲：補助 1 次</span></li></ul>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe loading="lazy" title="51348_國健署兒童預防保健動畫" width="1020" height="574" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/f52niWDbx1E?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div><figcaption><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f52niWDbx1E">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f52niWDbx1E</a></figcaption></figure>



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</div></div><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-為什麼需要這些檢查">為什麼需要這些檢查？</h2>



<p id="h-1-1-27-928-3-0-6">孩子在成長的過程中，常常會發生許多意想不到的事情，爸媽們不一定都能馬上了解狀況並解決。根據社家署統計，2020 年接受早療的孩子有 2.6 萬人，如果這些孩子們能在更早的時間給專家諮詢、發現問題，就更有機會能培養能力，跟上其他人的發展、更健康的成長。</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"><p><strong>案例一</strong>：<br>小碩在 1 個月大時，接受了健保的第 1 次兒童預防保健服務，結果發現肚臍出現異常的分泌物，進一步檢查發現是「臍腸系膜導管未關閉」，立刻安排手術及治療，避免受到大腸桿菌感染而導致有致死可能的腹膜炎。</p><p><strong>案例二：</strong><br>翰翰是 27 週出生、體重只有 928 公克的極低出生體重早產兒，媽媽對翰翰的發展ㄧ直很擔心，所以都定期帶翰翰至醫療院所接受兒童預防保健，某次檢查發現翰翰的眼神不聚焦疑似有弱視狀況，便協助媽媽轉介給眼科醫師進一步確診及矯治，現在 3 歲半的翰翰視力維持在 0.6 以上，學習力已與正常孩子無異，讓媽媽鬆了一口氣。</p></blockquote>



<p>文／盧映慈 圖／海倫</p>



<p><strong>延伸閱讀</strong></p>



<p><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2183">0~6歲是兒童發展「關鍵期」！一次認識兒童發展、自我檢核表</a><br><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1713"></a><a href="https://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/2183">認識兒童發展遲緩：早療其實不可怕！爸媽投入越多孩子成長越好</a><br><a href="http://grow.heho.com.tw/archives/1716">我的孩子是否有「發展遲緩」？常見遲緩面向又有哪些？5 大重點一次搞懂</a> </p>


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